The Ethics of Torture Essay examples - 1206 Words

The institution of torture has been in existence for quite sometime; however, it was not always seen as an ethical question. In antiquity, the Romans employed something known as â€Å"the cat-of-nine-tails,† which was a flogging instrument with nine sharp ends. However, the use of torture was not confined to the West, the Chinese utilized â€Å"bamboo sticks to beat people.† During antiquity, torture was used as a punishment, but during the Spanish Inquisition, this notion of torture evolved to a means to extract withheld information. Today torture is unofficially used to extract information; however, it is officially illegal according to the United Nations and the Geneva Conventions. Nonetheless, the issue of legality and†¦show more content†¦It just so happens that one member of the local law enforcement is skilled in using torture as an integration technique. Both the police and the skilled torture are certain that the suspect knows where the nuclear dev ice is and that, by torturing him, they can prevent the death of many innocents. Some would say, like Henry Shue that in this instance that the suspect could be morally tortured regardless of the law. The important factors are that, the authorities had a strong suspicion of an attack, and they had a suspect in hand. The authorities were sure that the suspect knew where the bomb was, and that upon torture the suspect would relinquish the bomb’s location. Henry Shue admits that this specific set of factors is very rare, and that torture should still be illegal. If the perfect situation presents it self, he argues, that there is a moral justification, if not a duty, to torture in order to prevent the loss of innocent life. Now, Shue qualifies what torture is by saying â€Å"the torture is purely interrogational,† meaning that no serious harm will come of the person being tortured. In essence, the immorality of torture is not absolute—it is conditional. In addition, by saying that torture is ethical when x y and z happen, means that the consequences of torture are being used to judge torture’s morality. However, this is problematic because it goes againstShow MoreRelatedEthics Of Torture And Torture1113 Words   |  5 Pages Ethics of Torture The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines torture as the act of causing severe physical pain as a form of punishment or as a way to force someone to do or say something. But what would one call morally acceptable torture? Is sleep depriving a criminal in order to find out the location of a missing person wrong? Does waterboarding a terrorist to find out information count as a morally correct reason to torture? Recently the C.I.A. released a detailed torture report to the publicRead MoreTorture and Ethics1447 Words   |  6 PagesTour Torture and Ethics Paper CJA 530 January 31st, 2011 Eddie Koen Torture and Ethics Paper Torture is something that is known as wrong internationally. Torture is â€Å"deliberate, systematic or wanton infliction of physical or mental suffering by one or more persons acting on the orders of authority, to force a person to yield information, to confess, or any other reason† (World Medical Association, 1975, pg.1). There is a general consensus that there is a rightRead MoreThe Ethics And Ethics Of Torture Essay1182 Words   |  5 Pages Amidst the many controversial topics circulating around our world today, ethical arguments have emerged about torture that question its mere value in society. One can assume that the use of torture may involve intentionally inflicting psychological or physical pain to a being in exchange for some sort of gratification, information, or action. Although torture has been prominent from ancient to modern days, it has seemed to be noticeably sanctioned by individuals or groups of the government in theRead MoreTorture and Ethics1604 Words   |  7 PagesTorture and Ethics Paper Alfreepha Williams AJS/532 July 21, 2013 Patricia DeAngelis Torture and Ethics There are many views or definition of the word â€Å"torture†, which is often debated by many individuals. According to â€Å"International Rehabilitation Council For Torture Victims† (2005-2012), â€Å"torture is an act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining information or a confession, punishing him for anRead MoreEssay about The Ethics of Torture1633 Words   |  7 Pages In the United States legal system, torture is currently defined as â€Å"an act committed by a person acting under the color of law specifically intended to inflict severe physical or mental pain or suffering (other than pain or suffering incidental to lawful sanctions) upon another person within his custody or physical control.† as defined by Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives (US Code, 1) Though this is a seemingly black and white definition, the condition al â€Å"†¦otherRead MoreEthics Of Torture : Who Are We Really Hurting?990 Words   |  4 PagesTorture is a heinous crime to anyone who is put under the duress of those who either get enjoyment or use it as a device for information gathering. In recent years it has been more in use as a focal point with the recent killings of aid and social workers in the Middle East and travelers that enter North Korea to state a message or obtain information. If the rules of the Geneva Convention do not apply, then what rules do apply? Ethics of torture: who are we really hurting? ConflictRead MoreIs Torture Morally Wrong?1265 Words   |  6 Pagesbelief that torture is morally wrong. Popular culture, religious point of views, and every other form of culture for many decades has taught that it is a wrongdoing. But is torture really a wrong act to do? To examine the act of torture as either a means or an end we must inquire about whether torture is a means towards justice and therefore morally permissible to practice torture on certain occasions. â€Å"Three issues dominate the debates over the morality of torture: (1) Does torture work? (2) IsRead MoreEthics And Morality : A Noble Cause Corruption1196 Words   |  5 PagesEthics and morality are broad topics of everyday life. Instinctively, we as humans know the difference between right and wrong but in some cases, our ethics will narrow. Actions and decisions become selfish and for the sole purpose of personal gain. In some cases, unethical ways may even be illegal. Noble cause corruption is a prime ex ample of when a person will utilize unethical means for a result to benefit the greater good. Noble cause corruption differs with traditional corruption. TraditionalRead MoreEssay on Code of Ethics and Security Case Study1600 Words   |  7 PagesCode of Ethics and Security Case Study December 20, 2010 Abstract As we examine the case of â€Å"Cop Gets 15 Years in Torture Case†, we evaluate from four different perspectives the different ethical theories; ethical relativism, ethical egoism, deontological ethics and ontological ethics to determine how the different perspectives support or condemn the conduct in this  case study. The case involves the brutal sodomizing of a black male Haitian immigrant, Abner Louima by two white New York policeRead MoreThe Extreme Forms Of Human Violence1515 Words   |  7 Pages As one of the most extreme forms of human violence, torture has many long-term detrimental physical and mental health consequences. For those who have endured torture, a potential negative outcome of their experience can include the psychologists’ undermined role and legitimacy as a mental health professional (Olson Soldz, 2007). Following periods of torture-based interrogations, survivors inexorably harbor distrust for psychologists. In the future, this could prevent them from seeking treatment

The Different Types of Vampires Throughout History

Iconic vampires in pop culture include Dracula, Angel, and Edward Cullen, but the lore can be traced back even further than the earliest thought of each of these icons. Doctor Guiley, a paranormal enthusiast, has researched countless tales of vampires, and has been able to divide her research into five different generalized areas. Doctor Murgatroyd, a professor of humanities at McMaster University, has studied references to vampires and other supernatural creatures throughout the literary history of our world. Doctor Jason Dittmer, a professor of Geology and Geography at Georgia Southern University, speculated on why Dracula was centered in Transylvania, and how it represented the mindset of the world at that point in time. Doctor†¦show more content†¦A character named Neoptolemus sacrifices another character to the ghost of Achilles. In a different play by Euripides, Death drinks the blood left as a sacrifice for him at the altar. These are some of the earliest recorded literature about vampires. One more commonly known creature with habits akin to a vampire is the furies of Greek mythology. They were believed to drink the blood of sinners to weaken them. The furies would then drag their victims to the underworld for their due punishment. Keres are another myth similar to vampires; when a warrior fell in battle, they were said to drag off his body to drink his blood and sustain their life-force. An Empusa is one of the closest and earliest accounts of vampires in literature. They were considered similar to Lamias in how the cultures feared them. An Empusa would trick an unsuspecting man into falling in love with her. She would produce an illusion of finery about her so that the man would eat and drink and fill himself up on his desires. Then, after they were married, she would have sex with him and drink his blood, filling her only two true desires. She was intelligent, and used this intelligence to get what she really wanted. The last early literature being that Murgatroyd pointed out was similar to a vampire and vampiric legends was a strix. A strix was supposedly an unclassified type of screech-owl who feasted on human blood. Nobody would be able to see them coming as theyShow MoreRelatedComparing The Vs. Vampire Folklore1368 Words   |  6 Pages Final Essay Different depictions of vampires are commonly exhibited in vampire folklore in past and present literature and film. The diversity of different variations of vampire legends are prominently seen in most literature, but the main ideas and attributes are generally the same. This is not that case when focusing on specific novels discussed in class. The novels I Am Legend by Richard Matheson and Fledgling by Octavia Butler are two contrasting works of vampire folklore. The novels are aboutRead MoreHorror Films And Cinema History1560 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout literature and cinema history, horror has been used to hide certain fantasies and reach into the deepest parts of the human conscience where their most inner fears exist. It was not till recently that horror characters were used to reach into other parts of the human brain: sexual desires. There are many horror films and books that show women falling for their alleged rapist, characters developing relationships with supernatu ral creatures, and girls wanting to tear the clothes off a vampire’sRead MoreVampires : The Myth, Legends, And Lore1730 Words   |  7 Pagesspotlight throughout time in pop culture. Commonly zombies and vampires are the talk of everyone. To the extent that some people believe that zombies can one day exist and vampires are just a fantasy. But people have lost their history, in many different cultures’ history, vampires were thought of as possible creatures. Vampires have been a thing for centuries, although the term vampire came after. There were even humans that believe they had become one. The distorted history of vampires has changedRead MoreVampires : The Myth, Legends, And Lore1466 Words   |  6 Pagesbe unpopular, but in time will become popular again. Vampires have always been one of those things along with zombies. Zombies are something that many people believe that can become real one day, but when it comes to vampires they are just fantasy. People have l ost history. In many different cultures’ history, vampires were thought of as possible creatures. There were even humans that believe they had become one. The distorted history of vampires have changed people’s minds because there are certainRead MoreComparing Dracula, And I Am Legend By Richard Matheson1584 Words   |  7 PagesSince the beginning of time vampires have been categorized into different types† and are portrayed in different ways throughout several books. This paper will focus on three vampires from the following books: Dracula by Bram Stoker, and I am Legend by Richard Matheson. Dracula is considered to be the traditional vampire, where it all started, and the vampires in Matheson’s book, follow somewhat Stoker’s concept, but is more of a modern â€Å"type† of vampires. Certain vampire elements have been presentedRead MoreThe Mystery Of Vampires From Folklore Tales1622 Words   |  7 Pagesmonster that sustained themselves ov er time have been vampires. In fact, stories of vampires have been with civilization for centuries. The exact origin of vampires is unknown and there have been many speculations and theories of these monsters’ origins. Many scholars believe that vampires originated from folklore tales, which spread all throughout Europe, Asia, Africa, England, and Ireland. In addition, early civilizations associated vampires with unexplained events such as death, disease, andRead MoreThe History of Vampires1194 Words   |  5 PagesThe vampire is one of the oldest mythological creatures in the world. It has been around for thousands of years and is found in nearly every culture. There are many different kinds, the red-eyed corpses from China, the Greek Lamia- a woman with the lower body of a winged serpent, the Penanggalang in Malaysia- a woman with a detachable head, etc. The most commonly known, however, is the Romanian vampire, it is used often in pop culture, from movies, to television, to literature. The myth of theRead MoreQueen Of The Damned By Anne Rice1504 Words   |  7 Page sseventeen year old girls. Vampire movies have really changed over the years, each having their own way of displaying vampires to their audiences. Anne Rice, the author of the book Queen of the Damned, shows vampires in a way that most wouldn’t consider normal. Bringing the immortal into the music culture allows Rice’s main character Lestat to feel on top of the world again. With a healthy balance of blood and death, this movie allows its audience to learn Lestat’s history, while a dark soundtrackRead MoreTwilight: Gender Representations and Sexuality in Vampire Tales1073 Words   |  5 PagesTwilight: Gender Representations and Sexuality in Vampire Tales For a long time, storytellers used the bloodsucking undead to portray a sexual deviant. Wilson acknowledged that the vampire theme is first found as a popular reaction of Polidoris story in 1819 (579). The Twilight Saga, a romantic sci-fi movie adaptation of modern vampires, has grossed over $3.3 billion in worldwide sales, states Wikipedia (Par 1). The primary element that holds the audiences attention is the sexual tension betweenRead MoreAnalysis Of From Simple Beast And The Bride Of The Isles 1380 Words   |  6 Pagespraise on June 1897 with his popular literary work Dracula. Although many literary works about the vampire originated far before Stoker’s time, such as Polidori’s The Vampyre (1819), James Planchà ©s The Vampire; or, the Bride of the Isles (1820), Alexandre Dumas’ play Le Vampire (1851), James Malcolm Rymer’s Varney the Vampyre (1847) or Sheridan Le Fanu’s Carmilla (1872), much of the contemporary vampire works are based off the foundation Stoker set. One could even argue that Dracula did not reach its

Why is math important Free Essays

Many times in life you will probably hear the quote â€Å"actions speak louder than words†. You’ll probably hear it from your parents, your teachers, and maybe even your lover. Your parents will get mad at you one day because you came home at 3:00 A. We will write a custom essay sample on Why is math important or any similar topic only for you Order Now M. For the 3rd time this week and you promise to never, ever disappoint them again and they’ll say, â€Å"Actions speak louder than words! I’ll believe it once I see it†. You’ll tell your teachers that you’re going to start getting better grades and stop being late to lass and they’ll tell you â€Å"actions speak louder than words†¦ I’ll believe it when I see it† and one day, your girlfriend will get mad at you because you forgot your 2nd month anniversary and you’ll swear to her that you’ll never forget again because you love her so much and she’s important to you and you don’t want to lose her and then she’ll sigh with slight disbelief and sluggishly say â€Å"actions speak louder than words†¦ I’ll believe it once I see it†. Point is, no matter what you say, how you say it, or even how much you mean it, other people will never see the true value in your words, until hey see you doing things to prove that you really mean what you say. Coming home early to show your parents that you are willing to change Just to avoid disappointing them again, will convince them that you do seek change, trust, and forgiveness. Getting good grades and perfect attendance will show your teachers you’re completely dedicated and you’re 100% true to your word about doing better in school. Taking your girlfriend on a date to Six Flags for your 3rd month anniversary will show her you have changed, and you’re willing to remember the little things that re important to her. You’re doing things to prove a point to someone, without saying one word. Symbolic speech in America, is pretty much the same thing. People want to prove a point without saying anything because actions do speak louder than words, and they make you feel things about a certain issue that words cannot. In the United States, acts of symbolic speech should be protected by the first amendment because it is an extreme form of expressing your point through specific actions that represent and express the way you feel. Actions speak louder than words, and listening with our eyes is far more powerful than hearing with your ears. Symbolic speech is a very powerful way to represent the way you feel about a certain issue, without saying anything at all. For example, back in March 31st, 1966 David Paul O’Brien was arrested for burning his military draft card. Why would he burn his draft card? Simply because he was against the war. Things became complicated not because he burned his draft card, but because it was illegal to burn your draft card due to the Selective Service Act which prohibited the desecrating or destroying the draft card. The reason why the government didn’t want these men burning their draft cards not because it represented them being against the Vietnam War, but because it would seriously derail the government’s efforts to enlist soldiers in the war. O’Brien felt that the Selective Service Act was going against the First Amendment because he was trying to send the message that he didn’t care for the war by destroying his draft card, and the government was making that illegal. He was totally against it and burning his draft card was a way of showing he didn’t want anything to o with it. O’Brien knew well how important the draft card was to the government because of the war, and that’s why he burned it. His message was very strong, powerful and clear. He shouldn’t have been punished for putting his message out in the open. Words, or actions, they still took his right of freedom of speech away, regardless how he chose to say it. There are many ways you can express the way you feel. The most common way is through art. Through art you can express yourself, while still sending some kind of message at the same time. Symbolic speech is omitting like art, you don’t have to say anything in order to express the way you feel about something, and still send a clear message. In 1984, Gregory Lee Johnson poured kerosene on an American flag and set it on fire. Many Americans would be appalled by this unacceptable behavior, but little would actually understand the meaning and reasoning behind it. He was a member of a private company who promoted the communist movement. He lit the flag on fire to protest capitalism and the way the government was being run. Johnson was expressing his anger by setting he flag on fire because he knew it was a powerful way of showing disrespect towards the country. The American flag is a immensely respected object in the U. S. And burning it is a clear way of saying that this country means nothing to him if it isn’t being ran the way the people Monsoon and his private company) want it to be ran. Even though the ways symbolic speech is used can be offensive, it should definitely be protected under the First Amendment. It is a simple, but powerful way to express an idea and there’s nothing wrong with that as long as it causes no harm to others. In conclusion, the acts of symbolic speech should be protected under the First Amendment because it is a strong, way to represent and express what you feel and believe. In the U. S. It should be okay to say what you want to say how ever you want to say it, whether it’s through letters on a paper, words coming out of a mouth, or a silent action. In life you are going to hear a lot of things that you don’t like, and you’re going to see a lot of things that you don’t like, but does the government protect you from that? Of course not. In life, we should be able to say, think, believe and do what you want because that’s what this country is all about. Freedom. Freedom to be your own person, with your own points of views and perspective, and to share that with other people, regardless in what form it’s share in, should be protected by the First Amendment (as long as it doesn’t cause harm to others mentally/physically). Actions speak louder than words. Expressing and representing those actions should not be a crime Just because you chose to say it in a different way, silently but truly, powerfully. How to cite Why is math important, Papers

Crime in Pakistan Essay Sample free essay sample

Becoming A Responsible Citizen Can Education Help?The word â€Å"education† means cognition. preparation. ability or instructions. Educating is the conveyance and geting of cognition. particularly at a school or a similar establishment.After all. what is instruction. but a procedure by which a individual begins to larn how to read?It gives us cognition which is shown in abilities gained through instruction. It gives us developing and instructions in a peculiar topic. for illustration. wellness etc. One who gives instruction is called an instruction or teacher. It is a really huge subject: â€Å"can instruction aid going a responsible citizen? † Until and unless a individual additions knowledge about the milieus. he can non be defined as good or bad. Education plays an of import function for going a responsible citizen. Quaid-e-Azam said: â€Å"Education is a affair of life and decease for Pakistan. The universe is come oning so quickly non merely shall we be left behind others but many will be wiped out wholly. † ( Sep. 26. 1947. Karachi ) Quaid-e-Azam’s quotation mark tells us about the importance of instruction for a Pakistani. Education is the wealth of a state. needed to go successful. â€Å"God gives self-respect and makes high in rank those of you who believe. and those who’re given cognition. † Man is the cardinal figure of the existence. When he is equipped with cognition. he proves to be a admiration. Knowledge strengthens our beliefs. Knowledge of all sorts that is good to humanity should be acquired with ardor. It has been attractively summed up in the Holy Quran: â€Å"In the creative activity of Eden and the Earth. in the alternations of twenty-four hours and dark. in the ships that sail and benefit the work forces. in the clouds. in the rain —- there are marks for those who think. understand and believe. † Our Holy Prophet ( PBUH ) laid great emphasis on seeking cognition. He raised the grade of larning 70 times higher than supplications. He declared that the religion of a individual who pays regard to another for his wealth and non for instruction as incorrect. Wealth has to be protected whereas instruction protects adult male. There is no terminal to the supply of cognition that can be stored in a head. God created the existence to function as a manifestation of His visible radiation. He brought into being adult male and gave him the will to take between good and evil. Allah has given adult male the freedom to take the way he desires. He has put forth before adult male. options of good and evil. It is for adult male to take the right way. The way of those on whom Allah has showered his approvals and non for those who go around His wrath. Nothing in this existence has been created without any intent. Everything has a intent and significance in it for adult male to understand and look up to Allah. Reclaiming Cultural and Social Diverseness: Mobilizing Youth for National Harmony and Peace: the Search for Resources Within 17 For a thousand old ages. the Muslims were the torch carriers of instruction. This was a glorious accomplishment. The Muslims preserved the full antediluvian heritage and so passed it on to modern European with their ain great parts. Islam was a dominant force in Spain for approximately eight hundred old ages. The modern European civilisation which dominates the universe today owes a great trade to Islam. Great universities were developed in the Muslim universe peculiarly in Iraq. Syria. Egypt and Spain. The visible radiation of these universities shone beyond the Muslim universe. It drew pupils and bookmans of all faiths from E and West that came to larn the great subjects taught in these universities. There are many reflecting personalities. for illustration Quaid-e-Azam. Allama Iqbal. Fatima Jinnah. Sir Sayyed Ahmad Khan etc. who became what they had aspired for by instruction that was non merely gained from school. but from remaining place excessively. With entree to curriculums via cyberspace and with the proliferation of course of study through commercially produced books. auto-tapes. Cds. and web sites. place schooling has become a realistic option for many parents who are willing to put their ain clip educating their kid. It is a motion that yet has non peaked. â€Å"Education has for its object the formation of character. † British Philosopher ( 1820-1903 ) An educated individual must obey the undermentioned things to go a responsible individual: An educated individual should non merely be sort with human existences but with animate beings excessively. Kindness benefits both the giver and the taker. Kind words and sort workss are a certain manner of winning Lord’s grace. The best and easiest manner of delighting God is to function world by pass overing the cryings of others who are in heartache and sorrow. We can function humanity through sort words of comfort. by heartening the down. The â€Å"WWF† is a society for the bar of inhuman treatment to animate beings. A cosmopolitan jurisprudence prevents killing and prevents animate beings from being hunted for personal usage. This shows the concern of society for protecting animate beings from the inhuman treatment of adult male. Small workss of kindness. Small words of love.Make this Earth an Eden.Like the Eden above.An educated individual should state others when they are incorrect. He should prohibit others when he sees them making incorrect workss. For illustration. he can utilize his cognition to give good suggestions to any individual. when he is in great trouble because a â€Å"friend in demand is a friend indeed† . Education gives us the great benefit of cognizing the instructions of the Holy Quran. If we know how to read we can cognize the significances of the Holy Quran and what Allah has said. We know that in the Holy Quran. Allah has repeatedly directed and encouraged people to chew over on and look into thoughtfully the occurrences in this existence. He has besides emphasized to pay attending to the survey of natural phenomena. the physical and biological rules and construe them as Allah’s manifestation. When we read about Islam. we know many things. which are good for our present life and the life after decease.

Leading with Soul Response

The foremost characteristic of post-industrial living is the fact that; whereas, the exponential progress in the fields of informational technology and genetics had left very little room for monotheistic religion in the minds of most Westerners – due to being affected by intellectual and very often biological degradation, many of these people nevertheless continue to assess life’s emanations through the lenses of irrational religiosity.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Leading with Soul Response specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As it was pointed out by Carrette and King (2004): â€Å"There is widespread disillusionment within contemporary Western societies and a growing sense of disempowerment with regard to the operations of the major institutions that govern our lives† (p. 11). This is exactly what explains the phenomenon of a so-called ‘New Age’ movement, the propone nts of which are known for their tendency to indulge in sophistically sounding but essentially meaningless rhetoric about the importance of soul-nurturing, spirituality-enhancing and tree-hugging, in time free from organic-coffee-drinking. The 2001 book Leading with soul: An uncommon journey of spirit by Bolman and Deal represents a classical example of ‘new-ageist’ thinking at its worst. In it, authors aimed at promoting a nonsensical idea that the effective leader can only be the ‘loving’ one.  According to them, the functioning of modern governmental, commercial and educational organizations cannot be considered truly effective, because: â€Å"Love is largely absent in the modern corporation. Most managers would never use the word†¦ They shy away from love’s deeper meanings, fearing both its power and its risks† (p. 109). Nevertheless, having dedicated my life to educating others, I am being perfectly aware of a simple fact that chil dren’s exposure to unwavering ‘love’, on the part of teachers or parents, often proves utterly counter-productive. One does not have to be overly smart to realize why – teachers overfilled with love towards the subject of an educational process, will be naturally predisposed towards treating him or her with leniency. This is exactly why, contrary to rationale-based expectations, immigrant-parents rarely help their children to become bilingual, in full sense of this word. The reason for this is simple – as it was pointed out by Brown and Hanlon (1970), while indulging in social interactions with their young ones, such parents tend to pay foremost attention to what they children say, as opposed to be concerned with how they say it. As the result, such children’s linguistic ability to utilize proper grammatical and stylistic forms suffers a great deal of harm – all thanks to their parents’ ‘love’.Advertising Looki ng for critical writing on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Also, I could not disagree more with Bolman and Deal when they suggest that truly effective leaders (educators) must be ‘spiritually-aware’ type of individuals: â€Å"A return to spirituality will lead us to seek wisdom. In matters of spirit, wisdom and experience count far more than technique or strategy† (p. 175). The sheer fallaciousness of such a suggestion appears especially self-evident for just about any teacher who understands that the concepts of ‘spirituality’ and ‘education’ are utterly incompatible. After all, the much-cherished ‘spirituality’ is best defined as nothing but simply one’s tendency to personify nature, which in turn, serves as the foremost indication of his or her intellectual primitiveness. Why is it that the bears that injure their underbellies against stinking out tree -branch, while crawling over the log, often end up hitting that branch with their both paws, as it was alive? Because, just as it being the case with today’s new-agers, such as Bolman and Deal, bears think that the nature is indeed ‘alive’. This is the reason why the extent of people’s intellectual primitiveness correlates with their tendency to ‘blend’ with the nature and to endow nature with ‘spiritual aliveness’ in geometrical progression – the more intellectually primitive a particular individual happened to be, the more he or she will be likely to profess the values of ‘spirituality’. And, as we are being well aware of, the very reason why we have schools, colleges and universities, in the first place, is to provide children and adolescents with an opportunity to educate themselves, so that they would be more capable to effectively oppose nature/social environment, as the foremost precondition of attaining social prominence. It is important to understand that the very concept of Western civilized living came to being as the result of our ancestors having grown less depended on nature. This is the reason why it is namely ‘spiritually rich’ but flea-ridden people from the Third World countries who strive to immigrate to ‘spiritually impoverished’ Western countries, and not the vice versa. Unlike many of Western particularly ‘progressive’ new-agers, they know perfectly well that it is namely rationale-based technology and not savage ‘spirituality’, out of which high standards of living and consequentially such notions as tolerance, open-mindedness and love derive, in the first place.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Leading with Soul Response specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another idea, which is being promoted by Bolman and Deal and that is being utterl y inconsistent with the very concept of Western education, is that leaders (teachers) must strive to ensure that the process of people’s managing, on their part, appears deeply ritualistic: â€Å"When ritual and ceremony are authentic and attuned, they fire the imagination, evoke insight, and touch the heart. Ceremony weaves past, present, and future into life’s ongoing tapestry. Ritual helps us to face and comprehend life’s everyday shocks, triumphs, and mysteries† (p. 117). Yet, had both authors bothered to educate themselves on the basics of biology, sociology and psychology, they would know that one’s ritualistic-mindedness is nothing but the behavioral proof of his or her evolutionary atavism (underdevelopment). After having successfully dealt with a particular life’s challenge, savages naively expect that their ritualized experiences, in this respect, will continue to help them addressing qualitatively different challenges in the futur e. For example, after having been given some gifts by American soldiers, quartered in New Haiti during the course of Pacific War, and after having been exposed to the sight of these soldiers indulging in marching exercises and constructing landing strips for planes, country’s natives had established a new highly ritualistic ‘cargo religion’. Even up to this date, they march back and forth with bamboo sticks on their shoulders (meant to symbolize rifles), built ‘cargo planes’ out of tree-branches and naively expect that their unwavering adherence to the empty ‘cargo’ ritual will yield some practical benefits. The intellectual arrogance and inflexibility is the actual root of a ritual – an empty form without any affiliated content, whatsoever. Therefore, it is only individuals not overly burdened with intellect, such as Bolman and Deal, who may seriously think that ritual is the pathway towards attaining a higher state of consciousn ess. On the contrary – ritual is the pathway back into primeval savagery, where there can be no consciousness by definition, but only animalistic instincts. And, as I have pointed out earlier, the notion of savagery and the concept of education simply do not interrelate. For those who believe in otherwise, it would not hurt to pay a little visit to the psychiatrist.Advertising Looking for critical writing on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Bolman, L. Deal, T. (2001). Leading with soul: An uncommon journey of spirit.  San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Brown, R. Hanlon, C. (1970). â€Å"Derivational complexity and order of acquisition  in child speech†, In JR Hayes, ed. Cognition and the development of  language. New York: Wiley. Carrette, J. King, R. (2004). Selling spirituality: The silent takeover of religion.  New York: Routledge, 2004. This critical writing on Leading with Soul Response was written and submitted by user Korath to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Von Versus Aus - Expressing Where You Are From

Von Versus Aus - Expressing Where You Are From Whatever language you may be learning, trying to explain where you are from or where you have been can be very frustrating and is often stated incorrectly in the beginning stages of your language learning. That is because expressing where you are from takes the accurate knowledge of preposition usage and that can differ greatly from your native tongue. For German learners, you have the added disadvantage that prepositions can sound similar between German and English. (von/ from, zu/ to) and you instinctively associate the same patterns and meaning in both languages. Mastering this German grammar hurdle  is really just a matter of retraining your brain and, most importantly, to stop comparing it to English grammar (if your native tongue is English). First things first: What is the difference between aus and von? Strictly speaking: Aus means ‘out of’ Ein Neugeborenes kommt aus dem Mutterleib. - A newborn comes out of the mother’s womb. Aus explains your roots Ich komme aus Spanien. - I come from Spain. Or that you are moving physically ‘out of’ a place Wann kommt sie aus dem Bad? - When are done your bath? Von means ‘from’ Es ist nicht sehr weit von hier bis zum Bahnhof. - It is not too far from here  to the train station. Or when you want to explain the starting point of a physical motion Wann kommst du von der Arbeit zurà ¼ck? - When are getting back from work? Wir kommen gerade vom Spielplatz. - We are returning from the playground. As you can see, the problem, for English native speakers especially,  is that there is usually only one general translation for both of these German pronouns, namely ‘from’. What you need to do is always keep these literal core German meanings at the forefront, while being aware of the following when wanting to express where you are from or have come from: To explain that you are from a certain city or country, be it either you grew up there or were born there, you use aus: Ich komme aus Deutschland. When you want to explain that you have traveled from a certain city or country geographically, you will also use aus, however, you need to add more explanation to convey the correct context: Ich komme aus gerade aus Italien, wo ich meine Familie besucht habe. In English, you have the verbs to distinguish which meaning you are relating (‘am from’ versus come from), in German, it is the context of the sentence that will reveal the meaning. Having said all that, we need to throw a wrench in your learning: Colloquially, Germans will also use von to state where a person has traveled from geographically. Ich komme von Italien. Even so, all of the German grammar books state that the correct pronoun for the above usage is aus. Remember, the von/aus dilemma is confusing for Germans too! Now that you have grumbled over this double standard, boost your morale with this grammatical tidbit: Both pronouns use the dative! That knowledge in itself is a cause for celebration, knowing that you have one less decision to make in your German phrasing. (German grammar can be kind at times.) Here is a good rule of thumb to help you determine whether to use aus or von: The preposition aus is used, when you can answer a wo  (where) question with in. Die Fische kommen aus dem Meer. Where are the fish? / Wo sind die Fische?In the ocean / I m Meer. In other words, the fish are not physically coming out of the ocean. This sentence states where they are from. The preposition von is used when you can answer a wo (where) question with either an, auf, bei, or zu Das Mdchen kommt gerade von ihrer Oma. Where was the girl? Wo war das Mdchen?Sie war bei ihrer Oma. Note: Notice that the word gerade was placed before von ihrer in the above sentence. This adverb  strengthens the phrasal context that the girl was actually physically coming from her grandmother’s. You will often see an adverb or other word that helps define the action in a von sentence: Heidi kommt aus den Bergen.Heidi kommt vom Berg runter. It’s no secret that prepositions are hard in German. Because of their different nuances in meaning, the most important words are actually the words around the prepositions that form the context. Keep this in mind as you learn their subtle differences and remember to not think in your native tongue.

Business and Leisure Events Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business and Leisure Events - Essay Example All these activities come under the fold of business events. Before embarking upon the topic, it would be advisable to define business events. Business event simply refers to an event, arranged, administered or managed by the ownership, board of directors or executive of an organization, which contains the element of the corporate activity, and the purpose of such arrangement is the expansion and development of the organization. Such an event may be co-organized by the staff members and sponsor companies usually related to beverage and IT companies and news channels etc. The important business events have been briefly described as following: Training Sessions: Training sessions are an essential part of business events, and are carried out by all big and small companies, industries and business units. The main objective behind conducting training sessions is to make the employees, managers and workers obtain technical, theoretical and practical exposure regarding the tasks related to their corporate responsibilities while working at different departments of the organization. Training sessions increase workers’ efficiency, communication skills, IT expertise, customers’ satisfaction proficiency and employment adeptness. Educational Workshops: Like training sessions, educational workshops are also conducted by the corporations as business events. The main difference between the training sessions and educational workshops is this that in the training sessions, specific technical abilities related to the relevant department is concentrated upon by the trainers. On the contrary, in educational workshops, the employees learn some new course or skill essential for their professional liabilities. Staff Meetings: Staff meetings are frequently called by the directors, managers and owners in order to devise and revise strategies, make plans, articulate schemes and introduce projects as well as for

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Globalization - Essay Example Globalization we can is inevitable in this day and age. Now that it has taken place there is no turning back and no country that has been touched by globalization can reverse the process and survive and prosper. This is because today economies are more complex and complicated than ever and technology has shrunk the world to such an extent that all countries and economies are interdependent and cannot survive individually (Kustin, 1993, pp. 4-8). Long Term Befits of Globalization The benefits of globalization are many and while there are many short term benefits of globalization likewise we can also name many long term benefits of it. Some of the short term benefits of globalization have been the lower cost of goods and services that have been achieved by the use of comparative advantage and also economies of scale. For instance having goods produced in China has lowered the prices of many goods that are currently sold in the United States. Big retailers like Wal-Mart contract manufacturers in China to produce for them due to the cheap labor that is available that will give them a price advantage, which they will not be able to gain if the goods were produced elsewhere - where labor was more expensive. Likewise globalization has helped increase service levels like has been done in the health care industry in North America. The issues related to the acute dearth of radiologists in North America has been addressed by radiologists in India, based in India being hired to fill the vacancies, however unlike in the past they are not physically present North America but carry out their duties virtually with the help of modern day... The essay looks at the external forces that have to be encountered by organizations that are preparing to go global or are already global. In the next section the essay then investigates why some organizations choose to stay local or regional while others decide to go global and how the local and regionally focused organizations survive in this day and age. The impact of the internet and other technological innovations on globalization are closely evaluated in the next section. The article then goes further and looks at the broad gains and losses that have been made from globalization in the last decade or so. Next the paper goes on to look at the main reasons behind international expansion being key to the growth and survival needs of today’s multi-national companies. Last but not least the author gives his personal opinion on globalization and concludes by summarizing the main points covered in this essay. This paper makes a conclusion that globalization today is inevitable and no country nor economy that has been touched by globalization can turn back the clock and survive without globalization because all economies and countries are interdependent on each other for their survival and globalization is the thread that keeps them all connected. There have been many short and long term benefits of globalization such as lower priced goods being manufactured and individuals having access to products and services that they never had before. Likewise though, there have been many long and short term drawbacks due to globalization.

Choose one topic from the five questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Choose one topic from the five questions - Essay Example In addition, citizens in areas of China that were especially vulnerable to droughts and famine would have access to food in times of distress (De Barry and Bloom 623-624; Lecture Notes). Ever-Normal-Granaries in Practice The earliest regulatory framework implemented for the Ever-Normal-Granaries under the imperial government, required the construction of state storage facilities in each county. The granaries were under the management of local authorities. Storage capacity and grain actually stored were commensurate with population sizes. For example, a heavily populated county would store more bushels of grain than a county with a relatively smaller population. At the end of the fall harvest, grain could be purchased in counties where the price of grain was lower and therefore supplies were higher. In order to safeguard against the natural destruction of the grain, a predetermined amount of grain was put on the market at a lower price and subsequently replaced (De Barry and Bloom 624 ; Lecture Notes). In regions where agriculture was by far the most important and perhaps the only source of food and economics, additional measures were taken. Grain was used to subsidize loans to peasant farmers who experienced a shortage in food and grain seeds (De Barry and Bloom 624-625; Lecture Notes). In other words, the collateral for a loan was the promise by the debtor of a specific quota in grain production at some time in the future. To this end, the Ever-Normal-Granaries in practice, was a system intended to keep the masses in food supply as a means of providing an incentive and a relief fund, for the production of grain. A charitable granary was also established pursuant to the Zhu Xi’s Neo-Confucian philosophy (De Barry and Bloom 748). This neo-Confucian philosophy emphasized the duty of the wealthy to contribute toward the welfare of the poor and was thus a strategy for the alleviation of poverty. During good harvest times, all cities were required to set up ch aritable granaries. Farmers were expected to make contributions of rice and wheat commensurate with their crop and store the rice and wheat in the charitable granary. City officials were responsible for collecting the grain donations and in lean times were required to make the grain available to those who needed it the most, but could not afford to pay for it (De Barry and Bloom 748). The Logic of the Ever-Normal-Granaries According to De Barry and Bloom, the Ever-Normal-Granaries was designed to ensure the fair distribution of the country’s food supplies (624). For example, if a county with approximately 10,000 families had 1,000 bushels of grain stored and put those stored grains to market when prices increased, the price of grain would become stabilized. Logically, when grain prices are stable, there is enough grain for everyone. As De Barry and Bloom explain: There is no hoarding of grain by some while others beg for food, no pursuing and pressing by the headman of the vi llage to make people pay back their loans (624). The logic of the Ever-Normal-Granaries was not merely informed by the need to alleviate poverty. The logic of the Ever-Normal-Granaries was also informed by moral reasoning. According to Mencius, one of the first important Confucius followers, the youth tended to behave themselves during the good years and were more inclined

Fayols Four Functions Of Management Management Essay

Fayols Four Functions Of Management Management Essay The first of Fayols functions is planning. The definition of planning is defining goals, establishing strategies for achieving goals and developing plans to coordinate activities. (Robbins, et al., 2008). Planning is to assess the future and make provision for it. (Fayol, 1949). It is taking the initiative for the plan of action that managers carry out the managerial function. Mr.Seets job involves planning function. Understandably, he is the top level manager, so he has to get involved in all the manufacturing process like designing, process planning and material planning. The purposes of planning is to provide directions, so that employees can coordinate activities and corporate with each other when they know where the organisation is going and what they have to contribute to reach the goals. Hence, Mr. Seets plan is operational plans that specify details of how the overall goals are to be achieved. Apparently, it is a short term plans that covering of one year or less, but it is a specific plan which all the plans are clearly defined. He set goals of the organisation and then broken down into sub goals of each level of the organisation. In addition, planning reduces uncertainly by forcing managers to look ahead, anticipate and consider the impact of change. Managers plan to anticipate changes and develop the most effective response to them. Other than that, planning also minimize waste and redundancy, when work activities are coordinated around established plans, wasted time and resources can be minimize. Inefficiency become obvious and can be corrected or eliminated. Thus, SMART (Specific, Measurable and quantifiable, Attainable, Realistic, Time frame) goals are to be enforce by the managers. Consequently, Fayol (1949) describes the general features of a product plan and the advantages and shortcomings of forecasts, noting that the best plans, make allowances for contingencies. Fayol (1949) asserts that it would be useful for those whose concern is manageme nt to know how experienced managers go about drawing up their plans and proceeds to identify the planning process. (Lamond, 2003). The next Fayols functions would be organising. According to Robbins, Bergman, Stagg Coulter (2008), organising is defined as determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom and where decisions are to be made. Organising is arranging and structuring work to accomplish the organisations goal. Mr.Seets job also involves organising function. He needs to manage and divide all the tasks equally to his workers in order to save time and increase efficiency. Mr. Seet divides all the work activities into separate jobs task to different department like functional department, product department, process department and customer department. He also holds meeting for every week to discuss current problems, motivate employees and appoint a team at committees. On top of that, if managers change the organisations strategy, the structure should change to support the new strategy. Structure is adapted based on increasing level of complexity and sophistication. The more routine the technology, the more mechanistic the structure can be. Hence, Fayol (1949) argues that to create an organisation it is not enough to group people and distribute duties, there must be knowledge of how to adapt the organic whole to requirement and how to find essential personnel. Thus, Fayol (1949) states that organising is to provide the undertaking with everything useful to its functioning. The other Fayols functions is leading. Based on Robbins, Bergman, Stagg Coulter (2008), leading is defined as motivating subordinates, influencing individuals or teams as they work, selecting the most effective communication channels, or dealing in any way with employee behaviour issues. The mission of leading is to set the organisation going. (Fayol, 1949). The objective of leading is to get the optimum return from all employees, while the art of leading rests on certain personal qualities and knowledge of general principles of management. (Fayol, 1949). Mr.Seets job includes leading function. He ensures all his workers are in a friendly and comfortable work environment. He also gives training and guidance to employees by counseling whenever necessary. This can relate to the Katzs human skills and Mintzbergs interpersonal skills. (Lamond, 2003). Mr.Seet has motivates his employees by offering sales commission and bonus. According to Katzs human skills, all level of management need human skills in order to interact and communicate with other people successfully. (Peterson Van Fleet, 2004). Thus, Mr.Seet reflects the requirement of leading functions and human skills needed as a top manager. The last Fayols functions is controlling. Controlling is defined as monitoring actual performance, comparing actual to standard, and taking action if necessary. (Robbins, et al., 2008). Controlling is verifying whether everything occurs in conformity with the plan adopted, the instructions issued and principles established. (Fayol, 1949). Mr.Seets job also includes controlling function. He has to make sure that the transportation or delivery of goods is safe and fast. Orders must also be taken correctly and accurately. Besides that, he also has to make sure that the monthly targeted sales are achieved and the company continues to make profit. In addition, he has to ensure the whole process is effective and efficient and also perfect product quality to satisfy customers. Thus, the objective of controlling is to point out weaknesses and errors in order to resolve them and prevent recurrence. Besides, the other objective is to contribute the smooth working of each department in particul ar and of the concern in general. (Fayol, 1949). Mr.Seet is involved in job like trouble shooting for rejected goods and work force shortage. He needs to think of a way to solve rejected goods by finding out the problems, minimize the loss and maintain customers trust towards the organisation. When there is work force shortage, he needs to make decision whether to hire more employee or working over time. This also can be relates to Mintzbergs decisional skills where he must have ideas to make the right decisions. (Mintzberg, 1975). Management is about opinions and view points that may vary among different individuals. This interview has shown that Fayols four functions were needed by a top manager. There are some exemptions on his theory depending on what type of organisation is the manager managing. As a matter of fact, Katzs theory stated that human skill is needed at all level of management. His theory is further explained by Mintzbergs 10 roles of management under the interpersonal role category. Hence, one theory cannot work without the other. Indeed, Fayols characterisation of management still represents the most useful way of conceptualizing the managers job. (Carroll and Gillen, 1987). References list: Carroll, S. Gillen, D., (1987). Are the Classical Management Functions Useful in Describing Managerial Work? The Academy of Management Review, 12(1), 38-51. Fayol, H. (1949). General and Industrial Management. London: Routledge. Lamond, D. (2003). Henry Mintzberg vs Henri Fayol: Of Lighthouses, Cubists and the Emperors New Clothes. Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship, 8(4), 5-23. Mintzberg, H. (1975). The managers job: Folklore and fact, Harvard Business Review, 53(4), July August 49-61. Peterson, T. O. Van Fleet (2004). The ongoing legacy of R.L. Katz: An updated topology of management skills. Management Decision, 42(10), 1297-1308 Robbins, S., Bergman, R., Stagg, I., Coulter, M. (2008). Management (5th ed.). Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Education Australia.

Philosophy’s Prejudice Towards Religion Essay -- Philosophy Philosophi

Philosophy’s Prejudice Towards Religion ABSTRACT: Religion acquired a bad press in philosophical modernity after a rivalry developed between philosophy and theology, originating in philosophy’s adopting the role of our culture’s superjudge in all of morality and knowledge, and in faith’s coming to be seen as belief, that is, as assent to propositional content. Religion, no longer trust in the face of mystery, became a belief system. Reason as judge of propositional belief set up religion’s decline. But spirituality is on the rise, and favors trust over reason. Philosophy could make space for the spiritual by acknowledging a difference between belief as propositional assent and religious faith as trust, a distinction lost with the mixing of Greek philosophy and Christian faith. Artistic or religious truth disappeared as authentic forms of knowing. But Michael Polanyi reintroduced knowledge as more than can be thought. Also postmodern and feminist thought urge us to abandon autonomous reason as so le limit to knowledge. We have space again for philosophy to look at openness to the spiritual. If spirituality confronts us with the mystery of the existential boundary conditions, religion may be a form of relating to the mystery that confronts us from beyond the bounds of reason. That mystery demands our attention if we are to be fully in touch with perennial issues of human meaning. At least philosophically speaking, religion has acquired a bad press in modernity. It may be explicitly rejected, simply not be talked about, or perhaps be discussed as an area of investigation. But religious adherents who explicitly involve their religion in doing philosophy are both rare and seldom respected. Much of this goes back to a history o... ...es. Grand Rapids, Mich., Eerdmans and Amsterdam, Rodopi, 1989. In the series Currents of Encounter. (3) See the earlier mentioned works by Neusner/Chilton and Cantwell Smith. (4) Hans Georg Gadamer and Thomas Kuhn also contributed to the decline of identifying knowledge with only true (propositional) belief, with assent to rational understanding. Barry Allen has recently taken up this theme in various articles. See for example "The Ambition of Transcendence," forthcoming in Religion without Transcendence? edited by D. Z. Phillips, London, McMillen, Claremont Studies in Religion; "Forbidden Knowledge," in The Monist, April 1996, 79,2, pp. 294-310; and "What was Epistemology?" in Rorty and his Critics, edited by Robert Brandon, London, Blackwell, 1997. (5) In the Ten Commandments sin spreads its effects for three generations, while love endures for thousands.